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摘要: 异种移植中采用猪的细胞、组织和器官可能导致猪传染性病原体的转移,进而感染人受体,甚至引发人畜共患的疾病。为防止此情况发生,应对供体动物进行广泛的微生物筛选,包括细菌、病毒、真菌和其他微生物。在进行移植之前,供体猪可进行长时间的筛选,故异种移植将比同种异体移植变得更为安全。通过实施剖腹产、接种疫苗等策略可以筛选出不转移不传播微生物的供体动物。猪内源性逆转录病毒(PERV),整合于所有猪的基因组中,上述方法不能清除PERV,因此需选择病毒低表达的猪或构建PERV表达抑制的基因修饰猪。
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表 1 已开发疫苗治疗病毒和细菌感染的疾病
Table 1. Diseases with available vaccines against viral and bacterial infection
疾病 病原体 假狂犬病 猪疱疹病毒1 手足口病 手足口病病毒(口蹄疫病毒) SMEDI综合征 猪细小病毒 猪繁殖和呼吸综合征 猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒 猪瘟 猪瘟病毒 猪流感 猪流感病毒 传染性胃肠炎 传染性胃肠炎病毒(冠状病毒) 坏死性胸膜肺炎 胸膜肺炎放线杆菌 萎缩性鼻炎 多杀性巴氏杆菌 梭菌病 梭菌 大肠杆菌性腹泻 大肠杆菌 地方性肺炎 猪肺炎支原体 丹毒 丹毒丝菌 格拉泽氏病 猪副嗜血杆菌 出血性败血症 多杀性巴氏杆菌 链球菌脑膜炎 猪链球菌、副猪嗜血杆菌 SMEDI综合征为死产、木乃伊产、胚胎死亡、不育综合征 -
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