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摘要: 近年来,我国公民逝世后器官捐献数量不断增加,但每年仍有大量的终末期肾病患者等待肾移植,供需不平衡仍是目前影响临床肾移植工作开展的主要问题之一。因此,准确评估供肾质量,充分利用扩大标准供肾具有十分重要的临床意义。超声造影因其安全、便携、实时、可量化等特点,已逐步应用于各类实体器官的检测,其在供肾质量评估方面也具有良好的应用前景。本文将从当前供肾评估方法的优势与局限性及超声造影应用于供肾评估的现状及优势进行综述,探讨超声造影在供肾质量评估中的应用前景,增加供肾评估的方法和准确性,为合理利用扩大标准供肾提供参考。Abstract: In recent years, although the quantity of organ donation after citizen's death has been constantly increased, a large number of patients with end-stage renal diseases are waiting for kidney transplantation every year. The imbalance between donor and recipient is still one of the main problems affecting kidney transplantation in clinical practice. Therefore, it is of clinical significance to accurately evaluate the quality of donor kidney and fully utilize the expanded criteria donor kidney. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound has been gradually applied in the detection of multiple solid organs due to its safety, portability, real-time detection, quantification and other characteristics, and it also has promising application prospect in the evaluation of donor kidney quality. In this article, the advantages and limitations of current evaluation methods for donor kidney and current status and advantages of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in donor kidney evaluation were reviewed, and the application prospect of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the evaluation of donor kidney quality was discussed, aiming to increase the methods and enhance the accuracy for donor kidney evaluation, and provide reference for rational use of expanded criteria donor kidney.
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表 1 供肾零点穿刺活检病理评分标准的优势与局限性比较
Table 1. Comparison of advantages and limitations of pathological scoring criteria for donor kidney zero point biopsy
名称 评估参数 优势 局限性 Banff标准 肾小球硬化、肾间质纤维化、肾小管坏死、小动脉透明样变、血管内膜增厚 提供较为准确的供肾信息 缺乏对零点活检中炎症反应的诊断价值 Remuzzi评分 肾小球硬化、肾间质纤维化、肾小管萎缩、肾血管病变程度 可用于术前评估肾移植方式,如单肾移植、双肾移植、丢弃 无法预测移植物存活率,且4种病变对移植物术后影响占比相同 MAPI 肾小球硬化、肾小球周围纤维化、小动脉玻璃样变、血管管腔缩小比 可用于估计移植物存活率 无法为肾移植方式的选择提供帮助,不能外推到肾小球硬化率 > 25%的情况 -
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