Abstract: Currently, multiple difficulties exist in clinical liver transplantation, such as shortage of donor liver, increasing quantity of patients waiting for liver transplantation and lack of matching donors, etc. Some children and adult patients have little chance of undergoing liver transplantation, which also limits the development of liver transplantation. In this context, split liver transplantation emerges, in which 1 donor liver can be applied to 2 or even more recipients. It may effectively increase the utilization rate of donor liver and alleviate the shortage of donor liver. With the development of split liver transplantation, the survival rate of split liver transplantation is comparable to that of total liver transplantation. Multiple transplantation centers have routinely adopted split liver transplantation. In this article, the development of split liver transplantation, the selection and matching of donors and recipients, the split and reconstruction techniques of donor liver and postoperative complications were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for subsequent development of split liver transplantation in clinical practice and increase the chance of liver transplantation for more patients diagnosed with end-stage liver diseases.