Abstract: 3D bioprinting is an advanced manufacturing technology that utilizes biomaterials and bioactive components to manufacture artificial tissues and organs. It has been widely applied in multiple medical fields and possesses outstanding advantages in organ reconstruction. In recent years, 3D bioprinted organs have made an array of groundbreaking achievements. Nevertheless, it is still in the exploratory stage of research and development and still has bottleneck problems, which can not be applied in organ transplantation in vivo. In this article, the application of 3D printing technology in medicine, characteristics of 3D bioprinting technology, research hotspots and difficulties in bionic structure, functional reconstruction and immune response of 3D bioprinted organs, and the latest research progress on 3D bioprinting technology were illustrated, and the application prospect of 3D bioprinting technology in the field of organ reconstruction was elucidated, aiming to provide novel ideas for the research and clinical application of organ reconstruction and artificial organ reconstruction, and promote the development of organ transplantation and individualized medicine.