Abstract: Along with the development of liver transplant techniques, clinical efficacy of liver transplantation has been significantly improved, and the survival of the recipients and liver grafts has been remarkably prolonged. However, the source of organ donation after citizen' s death still fails to meet the requirement of liver transplantation. The shortage of donor liver limits further development of liver transplantation. In recent years, living donor liver transplantation has been widely used in the treatment of patients with end-stage liver disease as one of the means to resolve organ shortage. As a special type of living donor liver transplantation, right posterior segmental graft liver transplantation provides a novel solution for expanding the potential donor pool for living donor liver transplantation. In this article, the development profile of living donor liver transplantation, donor selection of right posterior segmental graft for living donor liver transplantation, anatomical challenges of right posterior segmental graft procurement and surgical skills of right posterior segmental graft procurement were reviewed. Moreover, the prospect of right posterior segmental graft for living donor liver transplantation was predicted, aiming to promote the development of liver transplantation in clinical practice and bring benefits to more patients with end-stage liver diseases.