Abstract: Currently, driven by rigid health demands, technological iteration and innovation, and the reshaping of the global development landscape, the global field of organ donation and transplantation presents a development trend featuring "continuous expansion of transplantation scale, diversified donor sources, multiple breakthroughs in core technologies, and sustained optimization of supporting policies". Meanwhile, it still faces profound challenges including prominent contradiction between supply and demand, unbalanced regional development, increasing governance difficulties, and lack of dynamic adaptation of ethical norms. Under the continuous initiative and promotion of the United Nations, the World Health Organization and relevant international academic groups, organ donation and transplantation have become an important issue for promoting the harmonious development of human society and improving global public health governance. At the present stage, the reshaping of the global development pattern and the impact of uncertainties in the international situation cannot be ignored, which not only brings challenges to transnational cooperation in the field of organ donation and transplantation, but also forces all countries to accelerate the construction of an independent, controllable, safe and efficient working system. Based on the development characteristics revealed by data insights, this paper further sorts out the innovative practical progress, policy evolution context and latest orientations of countries around the world in solving the development dilemmas of organ donation and transplantation in recent years, analyzes the core challenges and prospectively judges future policy trends. It not only provides experience reference for countries to carry out industrial governance, but also consolidates the decision-making foundation for China to build an independent knowledge system and a discourse system with Chinese characteristics, and deeply participate in the construction of the global governance system.