Objective  To conduct a comprehensive review of the risk factors for post-transplant pulmonary infection in kidney transplant recipients.

Methods  Following the methodology guidelines for systematic reviews, the research question was clearly defined. Systematic searches were conducted in both Chinese and English literature databases, with the search period ranging from the establishment of the database to May 1, 2025. Two researchers independently screened and extracted the risk factors related to post-transplant pulmonary infection in kidney transplant recipients, and the research results were qualitatively described.

Results  A total of 45 articles were finally included, involving 30 risk factors for post-transplant pulmonary infection in kidney transplant recipients, including five aspects as donor factors, recipient factors, disease factors, treatment factors and laboratory test result factors.

Conclusions  The occurrence of post-transplant pulmonary infection in kidney transplant recipients is related to donor factors, recipient factors, disease factors, treatment factors and laboratory test result factors, providing a reference for clinical prevention, screening, and intervention.