Abstract: Kidney transplantation is a crucial treatment modality for patients with end-stage renal disease. However, it still faces numerous challenges, including a severe imbalance between supply and demand, ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejection, infection, and chronic allograft dysfunction. In the past year, with the development of genetic modification technologies, immune regulation strategies, new materials and technologies, in-depth research into pathogenic mechanisms, and breakthroughs in xenotransplantation, significant progress has been made in the field of kidney transplantation. This article reviews the main advances in kidney transplantation research by domestic research teams in 2024, with a focus on the application of new materials and technologies in kidney transplantation research, the mechanisms and treatment strategies for ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejection, infection management, and chronic graft dysfunction, as well as the development of xenotransplantation in China. It also provides a commentary based on the latest research literature, exploring future research directions and clinical application prospects.