Objective To analyze the reasons for long-term remission of leukemia after failure of cord blood stem cell transplantation for high-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Methods Clinical data of 1 child with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing cord blood stem cell transplantation in the Department of Hematology of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in September 2013 were collected. The treatment course and prognosis of the child were analyzed. In combination with literatures, the possible reasons for the good treatment effect on leukemia after transplantation failure were analyzed.
Results The hematopoietic recovery of the child after the first cord blood stem cell transplantation was poor. The child underwent cord blood infusion in November 2013 and did not undergo further treatment for the primary disease due to economic reasons. However, the hematopoietic function recovered 15 months after cord blood transplantation. Till September 2015, 2-year disease free survival after cord blood transplantation was obtained.
Conclusions Cord blood transplantation or infusion may repair the function of hematopoietic system and immune system, and may take effect with no need of successful transplantation. The failure of cord blood transplantation for childhood high-risk leukemia does not mean treatment failure. Children patients may obtain long-term disease free survival.
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